Type1引述他人观点（为提出自己观点铺垫）

      [1] It is widely(commonly) accepted(hold)+THAT
      [2] A widely accepted(commonly) hold idea(point of view,viewpoint, opinion,assumption)is +THAT/NP 

      [3] A/The dominant(prevalent, prevailing)idea(see [2])is NP/to DO
      [4] It is taken for granted+THAT(or:We often/frequently take it for granted THAT)
      [5] People(The majority) seem to get accustomed to the idea(see [2]),without questioning,THAT
      [6] People are willing to regard NP1 as NP2/ADJ
      [7] People are willing to DO,while reluctant to DO

Type2提出异议

      [1] However (But),…
      [2] Such idea(see[1-2]),if not entirely ADJ1,is somewhat ADJ2 and needs careful consideration.
      ADJI=unreasonable,unacceptable, inappropriate,improper,undesirable,
      etc;
      ADJ2=misleading,doubtrul, etc
      [3] In fact(As a matter of fact),…(follow[2])
      [4] However, it is not (quite, necessarily)the case.
      [5] This (It) is not (quite, necessarily) the case and needs to bo fruther considered/discussed.(or:further consideration/discussion)

Type3论述的展开：说明原因和理由，层进，举例，转折

      [1] The reason lies in several aspects,
      [2] The reason why+clause+[1, underlined]
      [3] There are several remarkable reasons.
      [4] 层进in addition, besides, fruthermore, what’s more, on the other hand, meanwhile, for one thing…for another; finally, above all, in short.
      [5] 举例for example, for instance, such (general term) as (specific terms),a typical (striking) example is that, a case in point
      [6] 转折however, but, nevertheless,on the contrary
      [7] 条件if , provided that, unless, as long as,etc

Type4 就…而言；关于

      [1] as far as …is/are concemed: As far as current situation is concerned
      [2] as t the problem as to NP有关…的问题

Type5问题

      [1] Although much effort has been made, the situation is far from satisfactory (or: the problem remains unsolved, little improvement has been achieved)
      [2] There is a tendency, as recent study (investigation) has pointed out (shown, revealed, indicated),+THAT
      [3] There is growing concern about +NP
      [4] It will inevitably (is likely to )result in (lead to ) unwanted (serious) consequence (or NP)
      [5] Unfortunately,…
      [6] We will not be able to afford the risk of overlooking the seriousness of the matter.
      [7] The process, once initiated, is most likely irreversible.
      [8] We are constantly (frequently) faced with NP

type6重要与必要；（应）注意与重视

      [1] NP1 is of great importance (necessity, value) in NP2 (or: NP is of enormous significance)
      [2] The importance (necessity) of NP (to do sth.) lies in (the fact) that…
      [3] NP1 plays, as is known, an irreplaceably important role in NP2
      [4] The irreplaceably important role NP1 plays in NP2 is significant (obvous)
      [5] NP1 is an indispensable part of NP2
      [6] It is important (necessary) to DO (or:THAT)
      [7] Special attention should be pay to …(or: We should pay special attention to…)
      [8] What we should take into consideration is +NP

Type7行动

      [1](immediate, emergent, effective) Measures are being taken (has been taken, should be taken) to DO
      [3] We have made much effort, there is still more we need to make (cf. We have learnt a lot, there is much more we need to lea123)

Type8二择其一

      [1] If it were left for me to decide whether (wh-clause),I would, without hesitation, choose+to DO (or: I would prefer the former/the latter)
      [2] To DO/NP is a matter of prerence.
      [3] It is difficult to make a choice for one can hardly gain most without losing any.
      [4] The difficulty lies in the fact that the advantages and disadvantages of both cases are equally obvious.
      [5] In fact, we may well preserve a delicate balance or compromise between the two than go to extreme.
      [6] It is not sensible to exclude one of the choices completely
      [7] (of two conflicting ideas, concepts) Though conflicting to one another, they are so closely associated that understanding one will be impossible without discussing the other.
      [8] The benefits of NP are varied…
      [9]While disadvantages are unavoidable, it is the advantages that prevail.